Religion And Peer Pressure Religion - 1973 Words

Religion and Peer Pressure Religion throughout history has been a complicated subject. Some people try to oppress it, some want to hide it away and never speak of it again, while others simply want to embrace it and all its glory. There are some who look down upon others for having a different religion or view from their own, along with those who have killed others in the name of religion. There are some who bring religion to others who have never heard and just want to lead them to salvation. Countries such as America have always been considered to be religiously tolerant. Religion was first addressed when George Washington became president, but there were some problems with others judging people based on their religion (America’s True History). Religion throughout the world has been pressured, hated and loved, but still serves as a way to bring people closer together. Langston’s Hughes â€Å"Salvation† it talks about how a boy experiences his first lie about religion. In the story, Hughes states as a boy, there was a special meeting for the children who had not yet been brought to Jesus. He was told that when a person is saved, he or she will see a light and feel something inside meaning Jesus had come into their life. Langston sat there and waited for Jesus to come to him, but all he heard were the loud moans and shouts at him because he hadn’t seen Jesus. Hughes was all by himself when Westley said that he was tired of waiting, got up, and pretended to be saved. LangstonShow MoreRelatedIdentity And Identity Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of this report is to create a greater knowledge and understanding of the different values and beliefs that shapes and individuals decision. This report is also going to investigate the impact that Peers, Media, family, culture and religion has on your identity. For this report, I will be analyzing one of two different scenarios that show the factors that influence the identities, relationships and the decisions that teenager has to make. Throughout the scenario above, the female studentRead MoreInt Task 1 Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesLearning Environments For Homeschooling: EzineArticles.com Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Learning-Environments-For-Homeschoolingid=2286248 Wenner, M. (2008). Study: Religion is Good for Kids: Live Science Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://www.livescience.com/1465-study-religion-good-kids.html Skurchak, G.( 2010). Homeschooling Effects on Children. Livestrong.com Retrieved May 2, 2013 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/178461-homeschooling-effects-on-children/Read MoreTeenage Girls in Society Essay example1274 Words   |  6 Pageshigh school girl who struggles with everyday Teenage issues impacted by Society. Although she is from Australia, these issues are universal. 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When looking at schools and practices of religion, there is a side that believe the mixture of school and religion is just andRead MoreSalvation Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesSalvation Living in a country where we are entitled to freedom of religion, many of us have grown to have our own beliefs and ways of viewing religion on a whole. There are others who have been pressured by family or friends to believe in God and him alone. Sometimes with the pressure of others, we can begin to believe in something that we truly do not feel is right. In the essay â€Å"Salvation† by Langston Hughes, the main character faces a struggle of wanting to be saved by God. Does he want to beRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesis how nurture changes us over time. Nurture is the environment that we live in and is the dominant factor of one’s personality. Through the changes from nurture, we change our views on different situations and behaviours from family influence, peer pressure, and culture. To begin with, family influence has several things to do with our nurture and it is also how we got your personality in the first place. Families are seen everyday in life for most. Since they are seen the most, what they do theRead MoreReligion, Religion And Religion1189 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is a concept that is passed down from generation to generation. Thankfully, because someone decided to write the religious values down, same of religions core concepts haven’t changed much. But people typically don’t learn their religion by growing up and finding a bible or Quran and reading it. People form religious identities from their culture and how a person is shaped by the world. Religion will forever refuse to die because it gives people a purpose in this world. The people thatRead MoreEssay On The Relationship Between Religion And Children Health1292 Words   |  6 Pagesit has been shown that religious adults are, in general, healthier than non-religious adults (Koenig et al. 2001; Lee and Newberg 2005). However, little is known about the relationship between religion and children’s health. In this peer reviewed study, the relationship between different aspects of religion (i.e. affiliation, importance, and attendance) and overall health status, including psychological health, of adolescents between the ages of six and nineteen are explored. Data pertaining toRead MoreAgents And Stages Of Socialization971 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many agents and stages of socialization throughout the world. Agents are the things that influence people throughout all of their stages. Family, church, media, schools, and peers are all agents. The stages of socialization are peoples stages of life, but all cultures have fewer or more stages th an others. Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age are the stages in the United States culture. Adolescence can be a very odd stage in and of itself, but some cultures do not even have anRead MoreAnalysis Of George Wilson s God Freaking Idiots 915 Words   |  4 PagesThose three horrendous breeding grounds of conformity are as follows, organized religion, patriarchal society, and the educational system. Organized religion is the end all be all source of the plague that is conformity. Ever since the dawn of the first organized religion man has felt the pressure of his traitor’s brothers to not think for himself and just take what this new religion is telling him to do. This new religion and could tell this man to kill his first born for his god, and without thinking

Reasons for Job Role Suitability Free Essays

I feel that I would be ideal for this position and would fit in well into your organisation because of the relevant skills and experience that I have acquired in previous roles that I have done. My last job was dropping off and picking up disabled children to and from their school. One child is wheelchair bound and the rest have severe mental problems, (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for Job Role Suitability or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. autism), therefore my driving had to be calm and stable avoiding sudden movements whilst keeping to a schedule to make sure that the children would arrive to school on time. Sometimes the children required special attention and patience for which I was prepared for and did gladly, as my character is that of being helpful and caring as I feel satisfaction from doing so. I have a lot of experience dealing with customers in previous customer service roles that I’ve done, sometimes having to deal with awkward and angry customers and I would try to deal with them with a positive and helpful approach not taking any abuse that I would receive personally and in my experience this would always resolve these types of situations well. I am able to work well in a team but I can also work well on my own initiative. I work in a responsible manner making sure all the required tasks are done to the best of my abilities and on time. I am an organised and punctual person able to work well to schedules and making sure that I pass on any required information to the relevant people. Overall I think that my strengths and skills are well suited for your organisation not only in a bus driver role but also any other position that you feel would be suitable. I am looking for a job that is permanent and think that this role would be ideal for that reason, and I am a very good driver or so I have been told by many people. How to cite Reasons for Job Role Suitability, Papers

Organisational Change Management Change Process in the Multilevel

Question: Define the Organisational Change Management for Change Process in the Multilevel. Answer: Methodology: While analysing the research methodology for the current study, it has been observed that the scholar of this paper has not been focused on the theoretical development of the study. The scholar has elaborately described the organisational readiness for change process in the multilevel. As per the opinion of Cole et al. (2006), proper data collection process and data analysis with sampling technique are highly required to draw a conclusion of a study. In this present context, the author of this paper has not critically discussed the proper methodology, which is one of the major drawbacks of this current study. Additionally, the theory-based discussion is not sufficient to promote an unbiased outcome. Thus, the perception of the author is not judgmentally satisfied with the proper methodology. In the opinion of Suwaryo et al. (2016), drawing a motivation theory and the social cognitive theory used in the study has helped to suggest several conditions and circumstances to promote the or ganisational readiness for the change process. Although, implementation of the descriptive research design and deductive research approach is essential to employ in this type of study to achieve a successful research outcome (Weiner et al. 2008). Therefore, deficiency of the usage of justified research methodology has minimised the research efficacy. On the other hand, evidence-based practices and implementation of the proper tools at the time data presentation is required to coordinate all the collected data (Chanyagorn Kungwannarongkun, 2011). This could give a degree of interdependence in the change process to find out the ultimate result of the research. Hence, it could be inferred that the author of this paper has to incorporate a suitable research methodology and an appropriate data analysis process to find out a rational outcome of this current study. Argument: The current article has successfully discussed the factors influencing the organisational readiness for the change process. The description regarding the multilevel and multifaceted construct for the organisational readiness is also transparent to the readers. The researcher has done a smart work regarding how the shared belief and collective capacity of the workforce could increase the overall change efficacy of the organisation. On the other hand, past literature in the change process indicates that a descriptive case study analysis could provide better understanding regarding the organisational commitment to implement the change process (Weiner et al. 2008). This scenario is found contradictory with the current study, where the author has tried to put own views rather than analysing past literature on the similar topic. A descriptive literature review could have given the better outcome of the current study. Otherwise, the change efficacy of the firm affected by the contextual fac tors and the change in the valences has been clearly described by the current researcher. The overall argument placed by the researcher in the present study can be considered average. Conclusion/Findings: After analysing the current topic regarding A theory of organisational readiness for change, it has been identified that the author of this paper has failed to develop a theory of its determinant factors and associated outcomes. Adding to this, much more emphasis on the literature of the topic has destroyed the conceptual definition of the organisational readiness. The author has successfully elevated the psychological state of the organisational members towards the implementation of the organisational change. Although, it is not well enough sufficient to draw a final conclusion. The article has made more contribution for making more theory-based discussion regarding the current situation, whereas, lack of focus in research methodology, data analysis and literature review has made the conclusion of the study more uncertain. Thus, it could be depicted that the author has with an emphasis on the empirical inquiry to find out a suitable solution for the current research. Change commitment would be the suitable implications for the managers to implement the change process successfully within the organisation. The employees often appreciate the participative and the leadership development structure (Weiner et al. 2008). The change process often extracts the employees out of the comfort working zone, which creates a adverse impact on the overall performance. Therefore, the employers require showcase a commitment towards the employees, which would increase the motivational aspects. The enthusiasm amongst the staffs would allow the management to introduce the change successfully within the work culture. Change efficacy is another practical implication that can influence the employees to present a positive behaviour towards the change process. Cole et al. (2006) mentioned that employees might require a persistent training session to adopt the change process with efficacy. The staffs often get used to with an existing work culture; the change initiatives often brings a change in the roles, responsibilities and the operational measures (Demiris et al. 2007). Thus, in the majority of the times, the employees fail to deliver the project within the speculated time span. Thus, the training measures need to be implemented to train the staffs to understand the right procedure of the new operational process. Moreover, the cooperative behaviour would be an effective initiative to motivate the employees. During the change process, the employees have a high tendency of creating mistakes. Thus, the impulsive reaction often leads to demotivate the employees, which impact on the employee retention ratio. Strengths: The current article attempts conceptually to define the organisational readiness for any of the change practices. In the present article, the scholar has evaluated useful theories and practical frameworks to justify the journal content. Indifferent past proven facts and data have been discussed in the present journal to showcase the significance of the employer commitment towards its employees. The article emphasises the importance of the employees motivation to experience a better reaction in the organisational change process. The author in the present journal is enabled to understand the beneficial measures that motivate the employees to sustain the change process. According to Holt et al. (2007), the employees mainly present a reluctant attitude towards the change process due to a sudden shift in the responsibilities and the operational measures. Therefore, adequate provision of the employee benefits enacts to be a driving force to influence the employees to participate equally in the organisational change process. The scholar has used the valence change framework to execute the accurate initiatives that can increase the positive reaction of the employees with regards to the change management process. Despite several shortcomings, the writer has executed the personal perception with accurate details, which helped the readers to get acquainted with the subject matter of the journal. Weaknesses: The researcher has conducted secondary analysis for inferring on the current research. However, the evaluation of the organisational readiness for the change process requires primary data analysis, as it helps to gather quantitative and qualitative measure regarding the study (Fallman, 2008). The lack of adequate data analysis is one of the major weaknesses of the current study. On the other hand, the theory and its implementation part have been found reliable, while the practical application is found inappropriate. Thus, the outcome of the study is not strong enough to make a clear understanding regarding the topic. Reference: Chanyagorn, P., Kungwannarongkun, B. (2011). ICT readiness assessment model for public and private organizations in developing country. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 4(1), 99106. Cole, M. S., Harris, S. G., Bernerth, J. B. (2006). Exploring the implications of vision, appropriateness, and execution of organizational change. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 27(5), 352367 Cole, M. S., Harris, S. G., Bernerth, J. B. (2006). Exploring the implications of vision, appropriateness, and execution of organizational change. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 27(5), 352367. Demiris, G., Courtney, K., Meyer, W. (2007). Current status and perceived needs of information technology in critical access hospitals: A survey study. Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics, 15(1), 4551 Fallman, D. (2008) The interaction design research triangle of design practice, design studies, and design exploration, Design Issues, 24(3), 418 Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(2), 232255 Suwaryo, J., Daryanto, H. K. K., Maulana, A. (2016). Organizational culture change and its effect on change readiness through organizational commitment. Bisnis Birokrasi Journal, 22(1), 124126. Weiner, B. J., Amick, H., Lee, S. . D. (2008). Review: Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change: A review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Medical Care Research and Review, 65(4), 379436. Weiner, B. J., Amick, H., Lee, S. . D. (2008). Review: Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change: A review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Medical Care Research and Review, 65(4), 379436. Weiner, B. J., Lewis, M. A., Linnan, L. A. (2008). Using organization theory to understand the determinants of effective implementation of worksite health promotion programs.Health Education Research,24(2), 292305.

Olaudah Equiano Essays - Olaudah Equiano, , Term Papers

Olaudah Equiano An ironsmith, ship steward, crewman, cook, clerk, navigator, amateur scientist, and even a hairdresser. These are all jobs that Olaudah Equiano held during his lifetime. He has been called the most influential African writer in both Africa, America and Britain before the Civil War, and was born in Essaka, Nigeria sometime during 1745 (O'Neale, 153). His family was part of the Ibo tribe, which was located in the North Ika Ibo region of Essaka. In his earliest years, Olaudah Equiano was trained in the art of war. His daily exercises included shooting and throwing javelins. As he states in his autobiography, two men and a woman, who came over the walls while the rest of the family was away, abducted Olaudah and his sister in 1756 (Equiano, 356). He was only eleven years old. The two of them would only be reunited when Equiano was sold a second time. They did not remain together that long because he would be sold again. Olaudah Equiano would eventually be sold to a man by the name of Michael Henry Pascal, an officer of the British Royal Navy, who set sail for the American continent. Michael Pascal renamed him Gustavus Vassa. In the years that followed, Olaudah became a great seaman and sailed around the world. His stops included the slave-trading islands of the West Indies, England, Ireland, Wales, France, Portugal, Italy, Central America, Georgia, Virginia, Philadelphia and New England. It seemed that he traveled everywhere except to where he really wanted to go, which was Africa. It was during these years that he learned the English language and values from a seaman by the name of Richard Baker. By 1759 Equiano had become fully articulate in the English language. He fought for the British during the seven-year war against France. Even though he had earned his freedom by fighting in the war, Pascal would not grant Equiano his freedom. Instead he confiscated all of Equiano's books and sold him to the captain of a slave ship in 1763. His new owner, Robert King, would eventually sell Equiano his freedom in 1766 for 70 pounds. Robert King asked Equiano to remain as his employee and Equiano did. This led him to Georgia where he was almost captured and resold into slavery. It was also during this time that Equiano got rid of the name Gustavus Vassa. In 1768, Equiano returned to London, England and began an apprenticeship to a hairdresser. It was also during this time that he became employed by Dr. Charles Irving. It was with Dr. Irving that Equiano would go to the North Pole in 1773 and barely escaped death when their ship struck an iceberg. In 1786 Equiano was appointed commissary for Stores for the Black Poor. This was a social outreach group of the British antislavery movement that saw returning blacks to Africa as the best way to end British slave trade (O'Neale, 157). He was fired after five months because of a conflict he had with Joseph Irwin. This conflict drew criticism onto Equiano but he would regain his status in the abolition movement by publishing responses to the criticism in the British newspapers. In 1789, Equiano's autobiography was published in London and by 1790 Equiano was fully involved in the antislavery movement in Britain. He petitioned the Queen and the Parliament to end the slavery. The following year the autobiography was published in America. It has been said no black voice before Frederick Douglass in his Narrative of 1845 spoke so movingly to American readers about inhumanity (Murphy,354). Equiano would finally settle and marry Susan Cullen on April 7, 1792. They had two girls who were named Ann Marie and Johana. Some sources say Equiano died in 1801 while others say 1797. We are not sure which one is correct. One of his daughters did die a few months after he did. His wife and other daughter then left the limelight and no record of them has been found. Equiano's book has lasted over two hundred years and has gone through eight editions. And is still being called the most successful prose work written by an African in the Western World until the start of the Amer ican

Drones and Homeland Security Essay Example

Drones and Homeland Security Essay Example Drones and Homeland Security Essay Drones and Homeland Security Essay Essay Topic: Zone One Increased security threats caused by heightened global terror actively, for Instance. Sectarian groups or Mexican drug empires, has prompted the development of decisive technologies, which will respond directly to the increased sophistication of these radical groups. A reliable technology Is the unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VA) commonly known as a drone. The drone not only Investigates a terror environment UT also conducts aerial strikes. The commencing research will analyze in detail the positive impacts of the drone to homeland security. Following the increased number of casualties in World War II, proxy cold wars, and Gulf War, It became necessary to Improvise military gear. Which would limit the direct Involvement of soldiers In a direct combat environment. Originally, a radical technology the tank- proved decisive since soldiers could be taken to the heart of the war. However, as much as this technology proved applicable in reducing direct combat, human casualties was till on the rise. For this reason, the International Civil Aviation Organization (CIAO) invented an aircraft that would not require an on-board human pilot. The flight was to be controlled autonomously by an integrated onboard computer by use of remote control. The technology has been deployed in most combat zones especially the recently concluded Iraq war (2003-201 1 As well, the drone has gained Influence In homeland security. Recently, gangs operating In most cycles closets are proving vicious. Some gangs in cities have evolved from gang activity to small armies with 1 OFF nag is more vigilant than rivaling gangs or the local authorities. These gangs are reputed to have operated complex armor that is enough to take an entire city down. Therefore, penetrating a gang-controlled environment requires a lucid strategy one that is observant on the degree of human casualties. Helicopters or any other military gear has proven costly and riskier. For this reason, it is necessary that, most police departments use the I-JAVA for its stretching advantages. Recently, Homeland Security Secretary Jew Johnson argued that, drones should be the chief elements of anomaly security investigation (Diana, 2014). Ideally, Johnson focused on the wider role of drones in conducting investigations and leading airstrips as way to improve federal security perimeter against the enemy. There are two ideologies that Johnson wanted to communicate; these include, investigations and striking. Essentially, to conduct optimal investigations and strikes, the CUP agency does not rely on a single technology or inspection process of direct combat. However, the agency enrolls a number of technologies to ensure that strikes are Justified. Goodyear (2013, up. 0) argues that, drones are fitted with latest technologies, for instance, an onboard computer, G technologies, night vision cameras and weaponry systems. Based on the above explanation, drones have made police departments efficient and safer to operate. The CUP drone program has tightened its grip to ensure that border security is emphasized. The system supports security relief efforts for its DASH partner by streamlining Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEM.) operations. AM further expects to employ Predator B drones to all border regions with the command ND control from a network of underground stations. Predator B is capable of providing high quality streaming video to first responders, and this is assessed through the proper usage of critical infrastructure. Secure Border Initiative (SIB) focuses on the role of operational requirements to support and document the acquisition efforts to develop, integrate technology and deploy tactical infrastructure to support CUP efforts to gain and maintain effective control of U. S land border areas (Goodyear, 2013, up. 61). The SIB is directly responsible in emphasizing surveillance and detection of tools such as unattended ground sensors, camera and radar by issuing comprehensive awareness of border situations. In fact, SIB gives agents the information they need to make deployment and interdiction decision on the area of responsibility. Consequently, the SIB ensures that communication infrastructure needed to transport sensor information from operational field elements on quarters is fit and updated to ensure that breakdowns do not exists (Goodyear, 2013). The nomad control and intelligence tools assists the CUP operators to manage a large volume of information through a common operating picture (COP), which facilitate the tactical decision making and coordination of law enforcement responses. Ideally, one will notice the integral application of communication and database management. Thus, when it comes to border security (Mexican drug empires or Sectarian terrorist activities), I-JAVA system have continuously offered lucrative technologies to ensure that the federal and state security agents are well supplied with information. Furthermore, a JAVA provides more vigilance as compared to human surveillance. For this reason, federal and state budgets in relation to security are optimally mitigated. Although the initial cost of placing a LAG system happens to be an uphill task, the most importantly, aerial drones have had a subsequent impact in minimizing of the number of homeland security operators casualties. A recent report established that the number of police casualties in El Paso have declined because of the reduced number of direct involvement with Mexican drug gangs. The I-JAVA supplies information and optimally provide direct combat mechanism at remote distances. This has made home guard security Jobs a lucrative involvement that has limited human casualty. The combination of reputable technologies enables a LAG to stay in the air for up to 30 hours, with an innate ability to perform repetitive raster scan of the region during the day, at night or in a fog without being noticed. This reduces the total human effort required to perform such activities. Additionally, the I-JAVA can perform visual, perform thermal imaging and can measure cell phone, T. V or radio coverage (Goodbye, 2013, up. 60). For this reason, a I-JAVA has had a subsequent impact on homeland since unlike before; homeland security guards and police are in a position to penetrate enemy perimeters coherently.

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Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Research proposal - Essay Example The internal environment, is made up the organisations strengths and weakness while the external environment is made up of the organisations opportunities and threats (Dooris, Kelley, & Trainer, 2004). Understanding of these factors is necessary while developing a strategic plan that can contend with the challenges of an organisation proactively. Some of the sources to use while analysing the internal environment is the assessment of the factors affecting the organisation internally. They include physical resources, human resources, processes and activities and the past experiences. Understanding the assets and problems of the organisation, will be useful in developing a strategic plan for an organisation that will maximise on the strengths and the same time work towards minimising the weakness (Helms & Nixon, 2010). For comprehensive coverage of the internal environment of the organisation, there is need to be aware of the perception of other people on the organization. This is important because they may see problems or assets that the organisation can’t see. To establish other people’s point of view apart from that the group that is developing the strategic plan, the team should include data collection from people on their perception. The information will be obtained by conducting focus groups, having listening sessions, conducting surveys and having meetings with people. By so doing, the strategic planning team will have a comprehensive coverage of its internal environment which will eventually lead to a more inclusive and well informed plan th at will maximize on the organisations challenges. While developing a strategic plan, analysis to the factors that an organisation does not have control over, is fundamental since it enable the team to develop a plan this is line with its external environment. The external environment is made up of the opportunities and threats

SAT waiver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAT waiver - Essay Example I have been an extraordinary student who not only performed well in studies but also in social and extracurricular activities. I was enrolled in the honors courses at school too. I am a fully devoted person and have the courage to overcome challenges bravely. Here, I would also like to say that I like to bring improvements wherever I can. For example, empowering women in every part of the part is my dream that I aim to fulfill. I am half-Saudi half-American person. I have a good amount of knowledge regarding the difficulties that women of the Saudi society face in their daily lives because of gender based discrimination in the society. This knowledge and my aim to improve the society inject in me the drive to change the Saudi society and make it better for women. I want to empower Saudi women so that they can get their due place in the society instead of just being controlled by the male dominate society. Moreover, I have the aim to bring improvements in the educational sector of Saudi Arabia in order to make it able to deliver high quality education to local and foreign students. I have a firm belief I my abilities. I am sure that I can achieve my aims once given the support of the government and the society. These goals and missions reflect my intellectual sense that goes beyond the results of a particular

John Brown DBQ Essay Example for Free

John Brown DBQ Essay John Browns Raid in the South led to an explosion of passion and ultimately the secession of the south. Many radical abolitionists in the North felt that John Browns actions were Justified and that he was a hero. These radical abolitionists maximized the damage caused by him and his followers and created an almost godly figure out of him. Not all Northern Republicans saw him as a hero, but rather as a terrorist and a convict. Southern slave holders and normal men alike were astounded, frightened, and infuriated by John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry. These two radically opposing iews clashed together and caused the succession of the South. Radical Abolitionists supported John Browns actions immensely and applauded his drive to free the slaves from the grasps of the slaveholders. Many of these strict abolitionists also believed that he was a hero, divinely appointed by God. This shows how much they revered him and how justified they believed his actions to be. In Document C, the Topeka Tribune explains that all Republicans revered him, just in different amounts. It explains that one class of Republicans thought that he was a hero and a philanthropist. The other class pretended not to approve of John Brown but really did respect him. When John Brown was executed for treason against the state of Vlrglnla, many northern abolltlonlsts were sent Into a rage. Even though he was dead, his spirit and Ideals still Inspired and affected many abolltlonlsts, as seen In Document G. This song explains that even though his body is buried and decomposing underground, his soul still marches on. As you can see, many radical abolitionists revered, respected and approved of John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry, which directly opposed the Souths view. Secondly, not all Northern Republicans saw him as a hero, but rather as a terrorist and a convict of the state. Many Northern citizens, although sympathetic to slaves, did not approve of John Browns actions and thought that he was insane and morally wrong. This view was the majority of the Northern Republicans and showed that Radical abolitionists were maximizing the damage that John Brown Inflicted on the south. In document A, Horace Greely explains that although he wishes that all slaves were able to run away from their slaveholders and never be recaptured, he did not approve of what John Brown did. This shows that he was an abolitionist, but not a very radical one like the ones in the before mentioned paragraph. He clearly states in the document that he did not support what John Brown did in the south which was the ideas of many Northerners. Document D, consists of reviews of a book about the Life of John Brown. Most of the reviews talk about how radically abolitionist the book is and how biased it is. This shows that the majority of the North did not support the doings of John Brown and that it was a small minority of whites that maximized the event. All of these events show that even hough it could be perceived that the North was overwhelmingly supportive of the doings of John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry. Lastly, southern slave holders and normal men alike were astounded, frightened, and Infuriated by John Brown. The events caused by John Brown eventually caused the breakdown and eventual split In the Democratic Party. Popular sovereignty was created to cool tempers In both the North and the South but ultimately ended in the split in the Democratic Party. The order to be able to better protect themselves, they strengthened state militias and armies. This prepared them for the eventual war with the Union and it also supplied more confidence in the southerners. In the trial of John Brown, he was asked a series of questions. One of the comments given by a bystander was To set them free would sacrifice the life of every man in this community. John Brown responded with, l do not think so. l know it, I think you are fanatical. The bystander then responded with, And I think you are fanatical. Whom are gods would destroy they first make mad, and you are mad. l This series of questions and answers shows the general consensus of the South, that he was a fanatical, crazy man. As you can see, all of these things combined caused a massive amount of pressure to be put on the ties between the North and the South which consequently caused the succession of the South. In conclusion, all of the tensions built up caused by John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry and the Trial of John Brown caused the decline in relations between the North and the South and the final succession of the South. The Northern radical abolitionists enlarged the event and made the southerners enraged by the raid on Harpers Ferry. The southerners were astounded, frightened, and infuriated. These emotions clashed and destroyed the Union.

The Four Functions of Management Essay -- essays research papers

The Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with other and capital to achieve organizational goals. Also management is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectively and efficiently. At the present time in MEDDAC-Japan the organization in which I am employ, is working to reorganize some the way they offers services to the military community. Very interesting it is to see as the four functions of management in action. In the business world today, the great executives not only adapt to changing conditions but also apply fanatically, rigorously, consistently and with discipline the fundamental management principles. These fundamentals include the four traditional functions of management. They remain as relevant as ever, and they still provide the fundamentals that are needed in star ups as much as in established corporations. Management success is expanding through accomplishment of mission and objectives of the organization. Managers and leaders fail when they do not achieve mission and objectives established. Success and failure are attached in a straight line to the reasons for being in business, mission and objectives. On the other hand, accomplishing mission and objectives is not enough. Success requires equally effectiveness and efficiency. Managers, leaders and supervisor who achieve their mission and objectives are believed to be effective. Efficiency describes the connection between the amount of resources used (the input) and the amount to which objectives were accomplished (the output). However, management is complete only if the manager or team leader has become familiar with the specific situation in which he or she can develop and applied each one of the four function of management. The Functions Planning Planning is specifying the objective to be achieved and deciding in advance the correct action needed for the team or company to achieve those goals. Also is concerned with the future impact of today's decisions. Planning is a fundamental function of management from which the other three stem. The need for plann... ...nsult your people. 5. Define clearly the responsibilities being delegated to each person. Explain what is expected of the person and the bounds of their authority. Be sure agreement is reached where the person can function freely. 6. Give accurate and honest feedback. 7. Really delegate. Most responsible people do not appreciate someone looking over their shoulder, kibitzing, or taking back parts of their assignment before they have a chance to do it. 8. Stress the importance of evaluation. You must not overlook the need to evaluate and measure the extent to which your actions conformed to your plans, if the plans went well, or if the original plans were appropriate and worthwhile. References: U.S. Department of the Army. Army Headquarters. (1999, August) FM 22-100 Army Leadership: Be, Know, Do. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from https://akocomm.us.army.mil/usapa/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_aa/pdf/fm22_100.pdf Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2004). Management the New Competitive Landscape. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Business e-Coach. (2005). Decentralization and Delegation. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_ delegation.html.

Quantitative Versus Qualitative Interpersonal Communication Essay

Quantitative interpersonal communication is described as any communication between two individuals, whether it is between two friends or simply two strangers that are only interacting for a matter of seconds. It is defined by the number of people in the interaction that is taking place. An example of this type of communication might be two people passing each other on the street and saying â€Å"Good morning† or â€Å"How do you do?†. They may be that brief, or they may be a continuing occurrence, say between a student and his or her teacher. The two may spend an entire school year together and never speak again in their lives. The other definition is called qualitative. This interaction also takes place between two people, but is defined by its six separate factors, rather than the number of people involved. Qualitative communications must be unique, irreplaceable, interdependent, involve disclosure of personal information or feelings, have intrinsic rewards, and be fairly scarce. These types of communications are said to happen only five times in a lifetime, although I think it would be more accurate to suggest that an individual has only five qualitative relationships at any given time. A person may have a qualitative relationship with a family member, best friend, significant other, or any person they enjoy spending time with and would like to continue to be involved with. I personally believe that the qualitative, rather than the quantitative description better represents the definition of interpersonal. The word â€Å"inter† implies that the communication taking place is close to home, or has an effect within a person. â€Å"Personal† says to me that the communicator has time, emotions, and interest tied into the communication that is taking place. If two people meet for the first time at a cash register, talk for a total of two minutes, and go on their way, they are likely never to see each other again. No matter how polite the interaction, neither of the communicators has been significantly affected; in fact, they are probably going to forget that the exchange even took place. To me, there is nothing internal or personal about this. Qualitative interactions, on the other hand, usually have a lasting effect on both parties. When two people are dating, they develop unique rules and roles, their moods affect each other, and they share information with each other that they may not share with anyone else. They are both looking for and hopefully receiving a sense of fulfillment, and if they were to discontinue the relationship for any reason, it would be extremely rare to find one with the same qualities. The end of the relationship would be considered a loss, and to me, that makes it interpersonal.

Electronic medical records systems

INTRODUCTIONScientific and social changes of the 21st century have brought a radical change in the Health care delivery system with excellent technological innovations. One such innovation is the Electronic Medical Record System. An electronic medical record (EMR) is a medical record in digital format.The health care sector is accountable today with an alarming rise in medical litigations.This legal accountability of the health care system has given rise to a number of documents that have to be recorded ,preserved and made available to the patients on demand.The documentation includes, 1.Diagnosis and Treatment Report which very Health Care delivery center today provides to the patient on the details of the diagnosis of the disease with follow up instructions, the Medicine information and the allergy reactions that could follow; dietary restrictions, dos and don’ts, restrictions and exercises prescribed. They take an acknowledgement either from the patient or an authorized per son after receiving the report.This documentation serves a key purpose in medical practice.2.The Health Record which is the proper documentation of records of all treatments and medications, as well as a record of a patient’s reactions and behavior. The health record is the written and legal evidence of treatment. This reflects only facts and not the judgment of the doctor. Careful and accurate documentation is vital for patient welfare and that of the doctor.Documentation includes, medication administered, treatments done with date & time, factual, objective and complete data, with no blank spaces left in charting, on flow sheets or on check lists, calls made to health care team, client’s response, signature of the nurse in every entry and consent for treatment. A private hospital inMilan, Italy, has been asked to handover for police verification of the medical records of at least twenty one cases who had heart valve surgery, following complaints that the surgeon repl aced heart valves even in patients who did not need them replaced.3. Informed Consent, which is a document, recorded before any terminally ill person receives his chemotherapy or an invasive procedure. The patient or his/her health attorney should give a well-documented informed consent before such procedures.Informed consent means that tests, treatments and medications have been explained to the person, as well as outcomes, possible complications and alternative procedures. Any medical hospital can be pushed into a center of a litigation storm after allegations without informed consent.4.Medical Billing and Insurance, which are part of the health care system in USA.Electronic medical record keeping facilitates access of patient data by physicians at any given location ,accurate   claims processing by insurance companies , building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions,clinical notes and laboratory reports.The term electronic medical record can be expanded to include systems which keep track of other relevant medical information.THE TECHNOLOGYFive levels of an Electronic HealthCare Record (EHCR) keeping can be classified as follows;1.The Automated Medical Record ,which is a paper-based record with some computer-generated documents. 2.The Computerized Medical Record (CMR), which makes the documents of level 1 electronically available. 3.The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) which restructures and optimizes the documents of the previous levels ensuring inter-operability of all documentation systems.4.The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) which is a patient-centered record with information from multiple institutions.5.The Electronic Health Record (EHR) adds general health-related information to the EPR that is not necessarily related to a disease. The development of standards for EMR interoperability is vital because of the fact that without interoperable EMRs, practicing physicians, pharmacies and health care institutions cannot share patient informat ion, which is necessary for timely patient-centered care.There are many standards relating to specific operation of   EMRs in the USA and across the globe. These include â€Å"ASTM International continuity of care record † in which patient health summary is based upon XML; â€Å"ANS1 X12†,which is a set of protocols used for transmitting any data including billing information; â€Å"CEN†,which is the European Standard for EMR; â€Å"DICOM†,A popular standard in radiology record keeping and â€Å"HL7† which is commonly used in clinical document architecture applications.There are many software programs specially developed for electronic record keeping. This includes ‘Doctors partner’, an advanced Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System with Integrated Appointment Scheduling Billing, Prescription Writer, Transcription Module, Document Management and Workflow Management built to meet HIPAA standards. ‘Practice Partner Patient Reco rds’ is an award winning electronic medical records (EMR) system, allowing practices to store and retrieve patient charts electronically. There are innumerable such branded medical record softwares available today (Ringold et.al.,2000)The American Medical Association and 13 other medical groups representing 500,000 physicians have signaled their intention to go electronic with the AMA formed Physicians’ â€Å"Electronic Health Record Coalition† to recommend affordable, standards-based technology to their constituents. President Bush has also promoted a nationwide computerized medical records system in a recent visit to a children's hospital at Vanderbilt University.THE COSTThe National Academy of Sciences report states that the health care industry spent between $10 and $15 billion on information technology in 1996. RED medic Inc., a California based firm have introduced a cheap online medical record service with an annual membership of about $35.The company Web site will collect, store and access everything ever wanted by health-care professionals to know about a patient’s medications, allergies, immunizations, conditions, doctors, emergency contacts and insurance providers. The system will store and transmit more complex information such as advance directives, EKGs and other essential medical documents and diagnostic imaging techniques. This health information service is capable of delivering information to any doctor or hospital, anytime, within the United States.RISK ASSESSMENTAlthough the issue of the privacy of patient records has received due attention in the last two years with arguments that Electronic medical records presents new threats to the privacy of patient-identifiable medical records, The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 paved ways to protect the privacy of medical records Thus, any violation on these lines will be violation of the basic law.Under data protection legislation and the law i n USA, the responsibilty for patient records in any form including films and tracings from diagnostic imaging procedures such as x-ray, CT, PET, MRI, ultrasound, etc.   lies always on the creator and custodian of the record, who is usually a health care practice or facility and   the patient owns the information within the record and has a right to view the originals, and to obtain copies under law. Thus, electronic medical record system is a technologically viable cost effective system that has to be utilized by the health care sector governed by legal and ethical principles.CONCLUSIONEMRs can serve a great purpose by making the patient data available to any authorized physician   or   patient anywhere and anytime towards more transparent health care   when monitored effectively.REFERENCEHallvard Là ¦rum, MD, Tom H. Karlsen, MD, and Arild Faxvaag, MD, PhD. â€Å"Effects of scanning and eliminating paper based medical records on hospital physician’s clinical workà ‚  Ã‚   practice†.. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10: 588-595. 2003.Medical Board of California: Medical Records – Frequently Asked Questions.Ringold, JP Santell, and PJ Schneider. â€Å"ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in acute care   settings: dispensing and administration–1999†. American Journal of Health-System   Pharmacy 57 (19): 1759-75. 2000.US Code of Federal Regulations, â€Å"of Individually Identifiable Health Information†   Title 45, Volume 1,October 1, 2005.

Market to Your Preferred Readership

Market to Your Preferred Readership What do you lead with when you publish a book and broadcast news about it? What is the first line of your promotional copy? What leads on your website? How do you word your social media? If its 99 cents for a limited time, you are choosing to market first to those who gravitate to cheap prices instead of those who want a great story. If its FREE for a limited time, you are catering to those who often want something for nothing.   You may argue with me, but hey, you decide what you think will grab the most attention of your customer base. If you start with price, then you think they make their choices with price. If you start with a story hook, then you cater to the reader who doesnt let price dicate their reading choices. There are other options: -Begin with setting, like I often do with Edisto Beach, to grab tourists and beach readers. -Begin with the authors name, assuming you have a burgeoning platform of readers awaiting your next story. -Begin with the genre: mystery, romance, sci-fi, young adult, etc. But out of all of those, many authors, especially new ones, begin with the price. You might reconsider that choice.   If you lead with price, you also may turn aside the serious reader . . . that reader willing to pay the bigger price. These days, that price isnt all that much, especially with ebooks. At the risk of stepping on the toes of many of my indie-published readers, you tell the world that income and price is your driving force for writing . . . not a legacy to the world of stories. I came to this conclusion as I was going through so many emails, Facebook posts, and small press advertisements, deleting all the ones that began with FREE or 99 CENTS or REDUCED FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY. These days we are deluged with DEALS. So many deals, in fact, that the word has the potential to cheapen.   Instead, when I consider a book, I look for recommendations, blurb endorsements, taglines, and a great gotcha hook in my genre. I want to know what others think of the book. With my TBR stack numbering 50 not including whats on my Kindle, and so many stories pushed out daily, I want to read a good one. Price may not grab a large number of people, but great word-of-mouth always will.

Guide to a Successful Nursing Career

Guide to a Successful Nursing Career Are you thinking about becoming a nurse? A nursing career is always a safe bet, no matter what the economic climate because it is a career that is in high demand. So whether you’re a new nurse or a veteran, this guide will walk  you through step by step.Explore a variety of nursing career optionsMaybe you’re not sure where to start with your job search. Whether you’re a current nurse looking for a new gig or just starting out of nursing school, the following articles can lead you on the way.Top 7 highest paying nursing jobs10 nursing careers you didn’t know existed5 types of nursing specialty careers [infographic]Nursing job listingsIn fact, TheJobNetwork has thousands of listings for you to explore, no matter what nursing career field you hope to enter. Check a few out below, and search for yourself to find the specific type of nursing that interests you.Registered NurseLicensed Practical NurseNurse PractitionerCritical  Care NurseEmergency Room Nurse Or sign up for TheJobNetwork to receive the perfect nursing job matches based on your profile.Consider nursing as a career changeOr maybe you’re diving into the nursing career pool after years toiling away at another career. You’re not alone–many decide nursing is for them well into their working years.Why nursing is a popular option for career changersDesign the perfect application package to get a nursing jobIf you’re in the midst of your application process, check out the below on how to best structure your application package in order to impress hiring staff and get the job you want.How to ace your nursing interviewHow to create a nursing resume to get you hired8 steps to creating a great nursing resumeHear from seasoned nurses what really goes onYou’ll never know what  really  goes on in such a high stress and emotional career until you’re in the thick of it. It’s best to learn from seasoned nurses what to expect–both great and terrible. They’ll have the info on what you need to succeed†¦and survive.6 secret weapons you won’t learn in nursing school10 of the most inspirational parts of nursingThe top 10 secrets nurses never tell their patients [infographic]Learn why nursing is super-tough and how to deal with hard daysIf you’re currently toiling in the trenches, you know with the highest of highs also come the lowest of lows–it’s inevitable in a career where people’s lives are literally in your hands.22 reasons being a nurse is really hard7 stress management techniques for nursesArrive at your first nursing job preparedYou might have a picture in your head of what a nurse looks like. You likely have encountered nurses in various medical establishments throughout your life, either  as a patient or as an advocate for a loved one. But if your first day is approaching, it’s great to come armed with the tools you need to impress†¦and again, to survive. (a common theme!)14 things you need to know as a new nurseYou’re either considering or are already on the wonderful, twisty, and rewarding road of nursing. Good luck, and we thank you for all you do!

Globalization and neoliberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Globalization and neoliberalism - Essay Example With the Indian neighborhood, they act out their Indian culture. Specifically, the youth act out their Indian American youth culture. Such culture is characterized as musical and dance to the fusion of American hip hop, techno, and reggae with Hindi film music and bhangra. In addition, the Indian American youth they use Indian style nose rings and bindis to complete their cultural trimmings. The American Indians Indian body art to complete their Indian American description (Maira 33). John Clarke, Stuart Hall, and other theorists belonging to the Birmingham school emphasized the American Indians create a unique culture by setting up social rituals which underpin their collective identity and define them as group. The group adopts and adapts material objects and acknowledges them in distinctive styles which express the collectivity embodied in rituals of relationship and occasion and movement. This can be called ritual. Ritual is used in the sense of cultural practice that makes an â€Å"agreement† between enduring cultural structures and the current situation. The Birmingham theorists classified the second generation Indian Americans as a subculture. The latter blurred the link between the cultural construction of youth as a distinct category and the creation of a teenage market (Maira 34). The Birmingham theorists emphasized the Indian youth culture are based on rituals that resist the values inherent in the dominant culture or the overall disposition of cultural power in society as a whole. The creation of a subculture is to comply with the personal, economic, and political crisis that American Indian youth are confronted as they reach adulthood. David Harvey (Harvey 25) affirms the Maira theory of Neoliberalism. The American Indian youth must survive in the American Environment. To do so, the American Indian must comply with neoliberalism concepts. Under the concept, the American Indian â€Å"blends† into the American economic environment in order

Flexible Budgets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Flexible Budgets - Essay Example This paper will outline the difference between the two methods of budgeting. Flexible budget records and outlines different information than static budget since it records the daily activities of budgeting and accommodates the accountings entries and activities that are new to the budget system. Unlike static budget which is prepared before the beginning of accounting period, flexible budget is prepared daily and continues till the end of the period (Mowen, 2012). Static budget ensures comparison and variance analysis is done due to presence of actual budget and estimated budget while the flexible budget does not involve comparison of budgets as there is only one budget. A flexible budget is not always better as it does not involve many activities like variance analysis to evaluate the performance of the company. Static budget is usually preferred where a business estimates the budget and wants to compare the difference between the estimated budget and actual budget (Mowen,

Computer information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer information - Essay Example Both outlook express and MSN messenger support electronic messaging and the sending of electronic documents. The advantage of MSN messenger is that communication is faster rather than having to walk across the staff room to the person whom you wish to talk to. Documents can be sent via MSN messenger too. The disadvantage is that communication has to be real-time. If the person to whom you wish to communicate to is teaching classes, communication is impossible. Fortunately, there's always outlook express. The advantage of outlook express makes up for the disadvantage of MSN messenger. Communication is possible at different times from different places, in addition to the capability of sending documents. The disadvantage of outlook express is that verbal and non-verbal cues such as tone, inflection, and facial expression are missing (Montoya, 2003). Office automation systems include the electronic office such as computers, fax, and computerized telephone systems, as well as office automation applications such as word processing, electronic mails, desktop publishing, fax, image processing, and teleconferencing. The trend is to integrate these applications (Williams, Sawyer, & Hutchinson, 1997). In the school where I am teaching, we use computers, Microsoft office applications such as w

Hydration Management in Acute Stroke Patients

Hydration Management in Acute Stroke Patients Introduction Stroke is a global public health concern with many sufferers presenting with varying levels of confusion (Oh and Seo 2007). Management of hydration in acute stroke patients is not standardised and variations in practice can be very wide between different continents. The sheer number of possible comorbidities and the relative ease with which hydration can trigger concomitant problems can lead to increasing incidence and prevalence of long-term patient care resulting from inadequate hydration management. Optimum hydration assessment and management are key clinical activities; however, inadequate hydration controls by health professionals persist (Oh and Seo 2007). Research shows that to guide fluid management to desired levels, a regular assessment of the volume status has to be made Scope This literature review is based on works that are found on Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Department of Health (DoH), National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Medical Council (NMC), World Health Organisation (WHO), Wiley Interscience and CKS databases that relate to hydration in stroke patients and nursing awareness of hydration in stroke patients. There is wide literature on different aspects of stroke and many authors have studied the effects of hydration in stroke patients. This review looks at literature that discusses management of hydration and/or the impacts of variations in hydration management on acute stroke patients outcomes like method of feeding, time- compliance in taking readings or measurements, legal issues and ethical issues. Relevance to clinical practice This literature review looks at relevant studies by experts that are found on credible databases. The purposes of the expert studies are reviewed and analysed to inform better understanding of current nursing practice in hydrating acute stroke patients. Several studies on hydration highlight specific difficulties relating to the assessment and management of hydration in acute stroke patients. There are differences between the management and the assessment of hydration in different hospitals and these complicate improving awareness of managing hydration for nurses in practice. If optimum hydration is directly linked to improved outcomes in acute stroke patients, research will be required to identify and overcome barriers to effective hydration management, including the development of specific tools (and knowledge base) to facilitate interventions that promote optimum hydration in seeking improved outcomes in acute stroke patients. Methods of search and documentation n on-line literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, COCHRANE, DOH, NICE, NMC, WHO and CKS from 1999 to May 2009 failed to identify enough relevant articles on hydration in stroke patients. Other sources were then reviewed for available literature on medical journals including the BMJ and American Family Physician. For the on-line computer-based literature searches, the following keywords were used: stroke, fluid balance, hydration, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), dehydration, stroke outcome, cerebrovascular disorders, medical management, artificial nutrition and hydration, dysphagia, dysphasia, pyrexia, acute brain infarction, enteral tube feeding, fluid and electrolyte balance, neurology, withholding treatment, pathophysiology and nurses and hydration Hydration and hydration management in acute stroke patients This literature review looks at one of the issues encountered globally in the treatment of acute stroke patients optimum hydration. It takes a particular look at the nursing awareness, measurement, assessment, methods of intervention and the legal issues associated with hydration in acute stroke patients. Stroke is a debilitating condition and can be caused by an ischaemic event or a subarachnoid/intracerebral bleeding. Stroke patients usually present in hospital with co-morbidities (Oh and Seo 2007). Variations exist in stroke fatalities across geographical regions even within the same continent. Studies by Bhalla et al (2003) across four European centres (London, Dijon, Erlangen and Warsaw) have shown significant variation (after adjusting for case mix) in stroke case fatality, in incontinence, dysphasia, dysphagia, conscious level, pyrexia, hyperglycaemia and comorbidity. There were also significant intervention differences between centres in intravenous fluid use, enteral feedin g, initiation of new antihypertensive therapy and insulin therapy, with the London centre having the lowest uptake of interventions. In another European BIOMED Programme, significant variations in case fatality for stroke between European centres (after adjustment for stroke severity) were observed, with the United Kingdom (UK) centres having the highest case fatality and the lowest levels of independence (Wolfe et al., 1999). There were lower intervention rates in the UK centre to correct abnormal physiological parameters in the acute phase which may reflect a difference in philosophy of acute medical supportive care compared with other European countries (Wolfe et al., 2001). Awareness of optimal hydration balance and assessment of the patients hydration condition (in the care of acute stroke patients) is a fundamental part of critical care nursing and optimising the hemodynamic situation can be seen as a team-effort. One of the important factors determining quality of the circula tion is the amount of circulating blood (Hoff et al 2008). Following a stroke, patients may have swallowing impairment and other changes of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract that could affect nutritional and hydration status and that lead to aspiration pneumonia (Schaller et al 2006). Such changes affect the ability of the acute stroke patient to lead a normal nutritional life. Although the Schaller et al (2006) work did not show a direct link between hydration and other comorbidities, they agree that impaired hydrational status is associated with reduced functional improvement, increased complication rates, and prolonged hospital stays. Hydration and hydration status Hydration balance is a measure of the bodys ability to manage fluids and electrolytes. In order to identify the urgency of interventions, nursing staff should characterize an individuals fluid and electrolyte imbalance as mild, moderate, or severe based on pertinent information including lab tests and other relevant criteria. It is important to recognize that the main electrolyte in extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium and that of intracellular fluid (ICF) is potassium (Edwards, 2001). Toto (1998) pointed out that large increases or decreases in fluid volume can cause infarct, coma and confusion. This knowledge becomes significant in maintaining cerebral blood flow and in preventing secondary brain insult after an acute stroke. In a complication, respiratory or metabolic acidosis will promote the movement of potassium from the ICF and give rise to high serum potassium levels, which may affect cardiac function (Edwards, 2001). This phenomenon can be seen in many traumatic insults to th e brain. A basic knowledge of this physiology in addition to the homeostatic mechanisms for fluid and electrolyte balance is a vital foundation for nursing practice, and essential to the nurses role in hydration management. Cook et al (2005) highlighted the significance of fluids and hydration in the neuroscience patient and in Cook et al (2004) they highlighted that an understanding of the physiological mechanisms that surround stroke is important for nurses to monitor and treat such patients. Kelly et al (2004) in their study of dehydration and venous thromboembolism (VTE) after acute stroke believed dehydration after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is strongly independently associated with VTE, reinforcing the importance of maintaining adequate hydration in these patients. Their study of hydration over a 9-day period showed indication that dehydration was largely hospital acquired and that the association was causal. Although the possibility that VTE was already present at entry to hospital cannot be discounted, tests have shown that VTE is rarely present before the second day post stroke, and then it becomes increasingly prevalent over the next few days. This could be for one of many reasons including poor communication between patient and hospital staff, change of environment for the patient and the physiological impacts of stroke Hydration balance and nutritional/electrolyte balance The differences in how hydration is assessed in different hospitals have been subject of study for some time. The significance of fluid electrolyte homeostasis becomes very relevant in trauma and shock situations such as subarachnoid haemorrhage where an inflammatory response is triggered which causes a significant change in capillary membrane permeability in a short period of time. In such situations, water, electrolytes and albumin move into the interstitial space to permit the site of injury to receive the required factors (third space shift) (Edwards, 2001). A number of physiological mechanisms are required to maintain homeostasis of hydration status, all of which inform proactive nursing assessment, intervention and evaluation. Those with trauma to the nervous system are vulnerable to disruption to the homeostasis of fluid and electrolyte balance (Cook 2005). Older adults may have a poorer capacity to adapt to shifts in acute fluid balance, leading to the possibility of cardiac and renal functions being impaired and, as a result, a lower glomerular filtration rate (Sheppard, 2001). Managing the fluid balance of the stroke patient by intake and output measures needs to be exercised cautiously because even though the patients fluid volume may not have changed, his/her circulatory volume may be significantly lower in instances of major trauma (Edwards, 2001) Good hydration has been shown to reduce the risk of urolithiasis (category Ib evidence) (see Appendix 2), constipation, exercise asthma, hypertonic dehydration in the infant, and hyperglycemia in diabetic ketoacidosis (all category IIb evidence), and is associated with a reduction in urinary tract infections (UTIs), hypertension, fatal coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism, and cerebral infarct Complications of measurement/control Naso-gastric v PEG, enteral v parentera Patient history taking on presenting in the hospital differs from hospital to hospital. History taking should include assessment of fluid intake and loss, baseline hydrational status, skin turgor, heart rate, blood pressure and urinary output. Normal fluid intake for the average adult is approximately 2-2.5 litres, obtained from food, fluids or metabolic by-products (Edwards, 2001). Methods of measurement are not standardised across hospital settings with Wise et al (2000) showing that faecal fluid losses are often neglected in daily fluid balance charts with the possibility of inaccurate hydration assessment. Fluid assessment must include estimating, as accurately as possible, the quantity of fluid taken in. It must take into consideration the entire processes by which water, potassium and sodium are obtained. Measurements are often mainly focused on the extremes of hydration (optimal hydration and extreme dehydration) and this should not be the case. Assessment of hydrational statu s and need is continuous and begins somewhere along a continuum of severe hypovolaemia/ dehydration to severe hypervolaemia/ overhydration. In looking at dehydration, not only extreme dehydration should be noted. Manz and Wentz (2005) highlight that there is increasing evidence mild dehydration may also account for many morbidities and play a role in various other morbidities. The way in which stroke is managed acutely, such as measures maintaining physiological homeostasis may also vary between different populations (Bhalla et al 2003). The physiological indicators of acute deficits in fluid balance may be masked in individuals where compensatory mechanisms are intact. A history of acute events, mainly from baseline documentation and history taking, may enable better identification of such imbalances (Sheppard, 2001). Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is brought about by the interaction between the renal, pulmonary, neuroendocrine, integumentary and gastrointestinal systems (Edward s, 2001). According to (Cook 2005), fluid and electrolyte management is a fundamental aspect of the role of the neuroscience nurse. Artificial feeding and fluids are the options for a patient who has an advanced, life-threatening illness and is dying. The patient, family members and doctor can talk about these options and the benefits and risks (Ackermann 2000). Hydration and electrolyte status are crucial mediators to the extent of the neuro-hormonal response to trauma. Edwards (1998, 2001) highlighted that homeostasis is maintained by a constant movement of water, sodium and potassium between intra- and extracellular compartments. While the movement of water and electrolytes between the cellular compartments is highly significant, it is important to recognize that in acute and chronic illness intracellular fluid (ICF) is reduced and extracellular fluid (ECF) increased almost to the extreme (Edwards, 2001). This is highly relevant for cerebral metabolism, because transport of oxyge n, glucose, proteins and other products for cellular metabolism—and their by-products—may be severely impaired. Stroke may affect ones level of alertness, perception of thirst, ability to access liquids, and ability to swallow them when offered. Stroke victims with such impairments may be at increased risk for diuretic-induced dehydration (Churchill et al 2004). Managing hydration balance is of crucial importance and the mechanisms for the adequate monitoring and controls need to be in place. Nursing management questions in the assessment of hydration in acute stroke patients should include whether use of intravenous fluids during the first week of stroke was recorded. Questions should also include whether the patient was fed orally, by nasogastric tube, through percutaneous gastrostomy tube, by intravenous methods or not at all? The fact that these questions can be raised enforces the need for adequate documentation and recording of acute stroke patient records. Bhall a et al (2002) says that the use of artificial ventilatory support with intubation or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation should be documented as well as the use of supplemental oxygen given through nasal catheters or masks. Enteral tube feeding is a vital means of feeding and balancing hydration levels in patients with stroke. There are no set standards for hospitals in the UK and hospitals have recorded much variation between them in the timing of the start of enteral tube feeding and whether a nasogastric or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is used (Ebrahim and Redfern 1999). Some clinicians delay tube feeding for 2 weeks or more, and although early nutrition is unlikely to be harmful, whether any nutritional benefits offset the difficulties and complications of initiating and maintaining early enteral tube feeding is unclear. If the timing or route of enteral tube feeding does affect outcome, the present variation in practice means that large numbers o f patients are being denied best treatment. Whether enteral tube feeding via PEG rather than nastrogastric tube or early initiation of enteral tube feeding improve outcomes was tested in the FOOD trials and no evidence of significant benefit from PEG rather than nasogastric tube feeding was found. Neither was any hazard from early tube feeding found (The FOOD collaboration 2003). The explanation for any difference between PEG and nasogastric groups is not clear, but one factor might be the effect of a long-term PEG tube on dependency since more patients in the PEG group were still receiving such tube feeding than in the nasogastric group at follow-up (The FOOD collaboration 2003). The survivors in the PEG group were also more likely to be living in institutions and had lower quality of life. Another intriguing finding was the excess of pressure sores in the PEG group, raising the possibility that those with such tubes might move less or be nursed differently. Weaknesses in this test results include insufficient statistical power to exclude more modest differences between groups; no information about the proportion of eligible patients enrolled in each centre; our use of an informal (although reliable and highly predictive) assessment of nutritional status; absence of precise monitoring of patients daily intake of nutrients (rather than fluids); absence of on-site source data verification or collection of information on changing nutritional status (e.g. in-hospital weights); possible bias due to masking of secondary outcome measures. Although compliance was not 100%, this fact results from the inevitable difficulties of adhering to rigid schedules when patients conditions change. Difficulties with nasogastric feeding in stroke patients (who are often confused and uncooperative) have led to increasing use of PEG tubes at an early stage. Enthusiasm for this method has been encouraged by the results of a trial that reported much lower case fatality rates in patien ts fed via PEG (13%) rather than nasogastric tube (57%) (The FOOD trial collaboration 2003). Due to significant alterations in fluid balance after enteral tube-feeding in patients, close attention to the recording of fluid balance such as intake/output measurements, body weights and simple bedside assessments is needed to detect fluid imbalances and other serious complications at an early stage (Oh and Seo 2007). One explanation for the varying and inconsistent readings in fluid hydration between enteral and PEG might b Stroke patients and the impacts of stroke on life Difficulty with swallowing is a common problem in acute stroke patients, and can lead to aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, and exacerbation of any existing malnutrition (Finestone and Greene-Finestone 2003). In Oh and Seo (2007) the authors set out to examine the fluid and electrolyte complications after enteral tube feeding in acute brain infarction patients. The background is that inconsistencies in the results of the water and electrolyte complications associated with enteral tube feeding are partly because of uncontrolled disease-related variables. The implication is that these variables were not adequately managed. Stroke patients very often present with dysphagia and this is very commonly dehydration associated with undernutrition (The Food Trial 2005). Up to half of stroke patients in hospital have dysphagia, which precludes safe oral nutrition for the first few days and can persist for long periods (Mann et al 1999). Although a 50% prevalence can be considered to be high, th e nutritional/fluid status of a stroke patient can rapidly deteriorate in hospital. The difficulty in feeding stroke patients with dysphagia coupled with the discomfort associated with stroke can exacerbate undernutrition and/or dehydration. Studies show that undernutrition shortly after admission is independently associated with increased case fatality and poor functional status at 6 months (The FOOD trial collaboration 2003). The current financial burden of efficiency savings and reduced budgets in the NHS hospitals results in reduced staff numbers so that patients can not be attended to on a one-on-one basis so that ensuring appropriate hydration levels is done by periodic but regular monitoring of charts. An option for the future in this area may be to involve the patients family members in hydration monitoring and provide them with appropriate training if evidence can show that being around loved ones improves outcomes and early warnings. In acute stroke, artificial nutrition t hrough an enteral route is needed because of dysphagia and since oral feeding is unsafe in some dysphagic patients, enteral nutrition is often administered as nasogastric or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube feeding (Finestone and Greene-Finestone 2003). Naso-gastric tube feeding (a prevalent enteral method) has been reported to improve clinical outcomes more than the parenteral route in brain-injured patients (Rhoney et al 2002). Oh and Seo (2007) in their study used 85 subjects, but their work was limited by the fact that it was performed retrospectively and some of the subjects records were incomplete. Also, because the patients in the study were from one hospital it is not conclusively known whether the results can be generalised to the whole population./p> Legal and other aspects Japanese physicians attitudes towards artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) as a life-sustaining treatment (LST) were examined to find out if they withhold or withdraw the LST when treating older adults with stroke-caused profound impairment with no hope for recovery. The study findings show that the informants held different views towards LST because most doctors considered ANH to be indispensable and ANH is automatically provided to patients (Aita and Kai 2006). With the advancement of medical technology, decisions to withhold or withdraw LST are among the most difficult to make for health professionals (British Medical Association 2001). Physicians caring for stroke patients often encounter comatose or semi-comatose patients with severe stroke for whom it is difficult to determine whether or not to continue care (Asplund and Britton, 1989). By administering LST, some patients in this patients group, whose bodily functions other than brain function could remain stable, could pot entially survive for months or years without achieving awareness or being able to interact with others (Aita et al 2008). Certain Japanese physicians have criticized the current efforts regarding life prolonging as Aita et al (2008) states: Prolonging the process of dying like this constitutes the violation of dignity and human rights. The life-prolongation only serves hospital operators who want to make profits by keeping hospital beds occupied. They also said this practice impacted the carers and that some nurses also feel emptiness toward the manipulative life-prolongation when taking care of these elderly patients. In the West, some countries have worked out nation-wide guidelines related to withholding or withdrawing LST that say stroke-caused profound impairment with no hope for recovery is a potential reason to withhold or withdraw LST (British Medical Association, 2001). Ackermann (2000) believes withholding and withdrawing therapy challenge family physicians to be excellent communicators with patients and families and recommends that family physicians should continue to be strong advocates for dying patients. Sprung et al (2003) highlighted differences between withholding and withdrawing therapy showing that withdrawal of therapy is followed by a nearer and more rapid death than withholding therapy, and that physicians and nurses were more inclined towards withholding rather than withdrawing therapy. Food and water are considered symbols of caring (Ackermann, 2000), therefore, it may be natural for physicians to give a special status to ANH as food and water. Whether to withdraw ANH from a patient in persistent vegetative state has also drawn substantial media attention in the U.S. (Casarett et al., 2005; Ganzini, 2006). The findings of the study also suggest that the physicians double standard is partly based on their subjective judgment whether the treatment is ordinary or extraordinary. However, the standard of ordinary/extraordinary care has long been criticized as too vague to guide decision-makers in the U.S. (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). It is believed the current legal framework has also inappropriately led some physicians to simply continue care regardless of the patients conditions, thus resulting in putting an unnecessary burden on patients. The physicians subjective interpretation of the current legal framework may lead to decisions not to initiate mechanical ventilation in some older adults for fear of facing a situation in which physicians cannot withdraw it at a later stage Conclusion Hypovolemia and hypervolemia occurred frequently after acute stroke but were often not recognized as such by nurses. The nurses predictions of current volume status do not seem sufficiently reliable to serve as a basis for therapeutic decisions. More advanced techniques for bedside assessment of volume status may be indicated for optimizing volume status in patients with acute stroke (Hoff et al 2004). Whereas studies have looked at the optimal method of improving hydration, whether correcting dehydration in stroke improves outcome is not very clear. Given the complexity of the cell death cascade following brain ischemia, novel approaches and combination therapy are inevitable for victims of stroke (Fisher and Brott 2003). The review indicates that standards vary from country to country in the legal framework for withdrawing and withholding hydration and nutrition during end stage care.

Ridged Puritan Society in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter: Ridged Puritan Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society in which one is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he or she truly feels; otherwise the emotions are bottled up until they become volatile. Unfortunately, society did not permit this kind of expression; thus characters had to seek alternate means to relieve their personal needs and desires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a kind of "shelter" for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is also here that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, it is here that the two of them can openly engage in conversation without being preoccupied with the constraints that Puritan society places on them. Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, when Arthur Dimmesdale appears. She openly talks with Dimmesdale about subjects which would never be mentioned in any place other than the forest. "What we did..." she reminds him, "had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said to each other!" This statement shocks Dimmesdale and he tells Hester to hush, but he eventually realizes that he is in an environment where he can openly express his emotions. The thought of Hester and Dimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confines of the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yet here, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance and finally be themselves under the umbrella of security, which exists. In Puritan society, self-reliance is stressed among many other things. However, self-reliance is more than stressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need only yourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessity for a "shoulder to cry on". Ridged Puritan Society in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays The Scarlet Letter: Ridged Puritan Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society in which one is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he or she truly feels; otherwise the emotions are bottled up until they become volatile. Unfortunately, society did not permit this kind of expression; thus characters had to seek alternate means to relieve their personal needs and desires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a kind of "shelter" for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is also here that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, it is here that the two of them can openly engage in conversation without being preoccupied with the constraints that Puritan society places on them. Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, when Arthur Dimmesdale appears. She openly talks with Dimmesdale about subjects which would never be mentioned in any place other than the forest. "What we did..." she reminds him, "had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said to each other!" This statement shocks Dimmesdale and he tells Hester to hush, but he eventually realizes that he is in an environment where he can openly express his emotions. The thought of Hester and Dimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confines of the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yet here, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance and finally be themselves under the umbrella of security, which exists. In Puritan society, self-reliance is stressed among many other things. However, self-reliance is more than stressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need only yourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessity for a "shoulder to cry on".

Education Is Jkey to Sucess Essay

â€Å"Change is the essence of life† said one philosopher, and keeping phase with the change is the meaning of education. There are different connotations of education. One is formal education and other is the daily education. Education is not only classroom studies but learning. In many cases what we study at class is completely different from what we practice outside. We may study the outdated technology or the old philosophy, to live in the present world we have to learn quickly what is happening in front of our eyes and try to understand it. We have seen children, always active, curious and full of vigor. the reason for that attitude is their interest in learning new things and to know the world. So they are quick learners and they enjoy life even better than us and are happier than us. So it is the innate of a person to educate himself to the changes. If he fails to do that he trails in the race of life. So education plays very important role in the nation building too. The rate of development of the country depends on the educated human resource of that nation. The educated human resource possess global competency and global etiquette. So it is the education which is the real GDP growth of the country and the investment on education is the real investment which will bear rich dividends than any other type of investments. We can learn from history how countries have progressed through their strong education system. take example of US, EUROPE and other developed countries, the universities are the real technology generators and industries are the buyers of the technology. Education is the inevitable investment the state has to do on its subjects to sustain itself and to be in the race to the global superpower. The so called global powers have invested on education so much, now they are tasting the fruit of that tree which they planted long ago. The countries instead of investing on defense and arms, if they invest on education, it will certainly pay back in large scale.

King tuts tomb

Egypt appointed pharaoh age 9 in 1334-1323 BC during period of â€Å"New Kingdom† Died at around 18 or 19 in 1352 B. C. Death unknown Located in the Valley of the Kings (upper Egypt west of Nile) – contains many tomb of kings from the New kingdom Howard Carter – worked In Egypt for 31 years before discovery, started at 17 copying wall scenes and inscriptions.In 1907, George Herbert the 5th was the Earl of Canaan place in England (Lord Canaan) hired Howard Carter after his first season f searching for sites was unsuccessful. Canaan funded Carter's whole excavation, and if it wasn't for Lord Canaan, he would not have been able to fund it himself. They Discovered the Tomb on November 4th 1922. The tomb was Incredibly well Intact, which was quite astounding for them to see, because most others found were pretty well destroyed.It had over 3,500 objects in it and took around ten years to excavate and unveil because he took a photo, Drawer it, and catalogued it every si ngle artifact Layout – antechamber largest room, found 6 dismantled chariots, animal couches, chests, bows and arrows, 2 large statues of the king guarding a sealed doorway everything was stored messily which indicated robbery probably by the guards Annex (like a storeroom) – smallest room contained more than half of tombs contents. Hundreds of reed baskets and pottery Jars, elaborate urns intricate designs and some royal furniture such as couches Burial chamber – only room with wall paintings. Here the kings sarcophagus (coffin) lay. There were 3 coffins making up the sarcophagus they all had faces on them. ND the lid alone weighed over 1 and a quarter tone. 4 shrines, took 4 months to dismantle, very brittle some parts weight almost a tone. He put off working on them for 4 years so he could work on the mummy. The mummy had over 143 Jewels and amulets on It or In the wrappings, gold mask, headdress, fake beard and gold hands. The body remains were actually burn ed away from the scented oils that were placed upon the body during burial Treasury – this was dominated by Tutankhamen canonic shrine which held all of his organs.A successful navigation of the Underworld will allow Tutankhamen to be welcomed into the Afterlife as an immortal. South Wall – The God-King welcomed to the Afterlife by Anabas god of embalming Hath, goddess of the west. Tutankhamen, who is now immortal, will begin the life-giving daily ritual. These paintings are significant because they show that TUTU as a Pharaoh and the society at the time were very religious and obviously had very strong beliefs in death and the underworld and they were very committed addressing death in the correct way.